Headaches are common, but a new, severe, changing or persistent headache deserves appropriate medical assessment. This page is general educational information and cannot determine the cause of an individual’s headache.

Common headache disorders

Migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache are examples of primary headache disorders. Headaches can also occur with other conditions, and medication overuse can itself contribute to recurring headaches. World Health Organization: Migraine and other headache disorders

When urgent assessment is needed

Seek emergency medical help immediately for a headache that is sudden and very severe, or for headache with symptoms such as difficulty speaking, a change in vision, weakness or trouble moving an arm or leg, loss of balance, confusion, reduced consciousness, fever and a stiff neck, or after a head injury. These features need urgent clinical evaluation. MedlinePlus: Headaches — danger signs MedlinePlus: Headache

When to arrange medical review

Medical review is appropriate when a headache lasts more than a few days, repeatedly wakes someone from sleep, is worse in the morning, changes in pattern or intensity, or occurs often without a known cause. MedlinePlus: Headaches — danger signs

Preparing for a consultation

Keeping a brief record of when headaches occur, how long they last, accompanying symptoms and medication use can help a clinician understand the pattern. Discuss any regular use of pain medication with a clinician, as medication overuse can contribute to recurrent headache in some people. WHO

Related reading: Headache with vision changes or weakness: warning signs and assessment.

Further reliable information

Dr. Simranjeet Singh is a Consultant Neurosurgeon and Neurointervention Specialist at Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi. His qualifications include MBBS (MAMC), M.Ch. Neurosurgery (AIIMS Delhi), and a Fellowship in Neurovascular Intervention at G. B. Pant Hospital, Delhi. This article is general educational information.